7:45 Registration, Exhibit Viewing/Poster Setup, Coffee and Pastries
8:35 Organizer’s Welcome and Opening Remarks
8:45 New Directions in Battery Safety: Prospects for Fail Safe Lithium-Ion
Brian M. Barnett, PhD, Vice President, Technology, TIAX LLC
Highly publicized safety incidents and widespread recalls of lithium-ion batteries used in laptops and cell phones have raised concerns regarding lithium-ion battery safety. Even though these events occur at rates well below what would be predicted by six-sigma manufacturing perspectives, the seriousness of these incidents has properly raised the issue of safety with regard to use of lithium-ion batteries in transportation applications. From a perspective of carrying out many investigations and post mortems of lithium-ion safety incidents, TIAX has used a system approach to develop a series of technologies that pertain to pre-emption, detection, intervention and containment of the thermal runaway that takes place during these incidents. In this talk, we will describe some of the technologies being developed at TIAX targeting “fail safe” lithium-ion battery packs for portable and vehicle applications.
9:15 Safety and Reliability in Chinese Manufactured Lithium-Ion Cells
Steven Ruth, Vice President, China BAK Battery, Inc., PR China
With safety and reliability of lithium cells considered givens in today’s portable device market, how does the designer know the cell manufacturer has control over its processes? An analysis and control methodology, focused on measured continuous improvement, is presented.
9:45 Mitigating Catastrophic Failure in Lithium-Ion Cells
Christopher J. Orendorff, PhD, Power Sources Technology Group, Sandia National Laboratories
Safety issues with lithium-ion cells are independent of any performance metric and may prevent the widespread adoption of these technologies for electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Despite the historical concerns with high-energy materials for lithium-ion batteries (e.g. high rate thermal runaway, internal short circuits, flammability, etc.), strides have been made to improve the inherent safety of these materials in full cells. Approaches for abuse tolerant materials and techniques to mitigate the common abuse and field failure modes will be presented.
10:15 Networking Refreshment Break, Exhibit/Poster Viewing
10:45 Navy Large Form Lithium Battery Safety Initiatives - Recent Developments
Clinton Winchester, PhD, Group Leader & Senior Technologist, Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC)*
Abstract not available at time of printing. Please visit www.KnowledgeFoundation.com for the latest Program updates.
*In collaboration with: Julie Banner, Daphne Fuentevilla, et al.
11:15 Battery Safety and Abuse Tolerance Test Procedures - Test Methods and Test Current Standards
Daniel H. Doughty, PhD, President, Battery Safety Consulting, Inc.
Battery safety and abuse tolerance test procedures are designed to simulate the effects of off-normal events that may occur, however unlikely, during use of battery-powered devices. Test procedures include mechanical, thermal and electrical abuse conditions. Test procedures may be “Characterization Tests”, where the test article is brought to failure and the results scored to determine the severity of response, or “Pass/Fail Tests”, where the test article is exposed to specific abusive conditions and the response, if it meets or exceeds test standards, provides the basis of approval for shipping or use in a commercial device. The presentation will discuss the origin of test procedures and compare existing test procedures that are used for portable electronics as well as automotive applications.
11:45 Safety Limitations Associated with Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells
Judith A. Jeevarajan, PhD, Senior Scientist - Battery Office, NASA Johnson Space Center
Commercial 18650 lithium-ion cells are used in numerous portable equipment batteries. These cells are tolerant to abusive conditions of overcharge, external short and overdischarge in single cell or small battery configurations (low voltage, low capacity). However, the protective features inside these cells either do not protect or themselves become a source of hazard when the cells are configured into high voltage/high capacity modules. The author will present the hazards associated with these cells under various off-nominal conditions.
12:15 Prediction of Multiphysics Behaviors of Large Lithium-Ion Batteries at Internal and External Short Circuit
Gi-Heon Kim, PhD, Senior Research Engineer, Advanced Vehicles Group, Center for Transportation Technologies & Systems, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
This talk will describe the methodologies of NREL’s lithium-ion battery short modeling, and then present analysis results for cell response study and multi-cell pack response study. In our multiphysics model approach, competing mechanisms between heat release from component decomposition reactions at high temperatures and heat dissipation through spatial variation of material distributions are captured. Electrochemical responses of shorted cell are resolved by solving lithium diffusion dynamics and charge transfer. Three dimensional pathways of electrical current flow in a system are solved to evaluate joule heating from short current. For the extended pack level study, we developed an integrated network model resolving highly coupled thermal-electrical (electrochemical) responses from individual cells and inter-cell interactions. Multi-node thermal model for the selected cell was developed to capture critical temperature distribution in a cell. The simulation results imply that evolution of a internal short circuit and the thermal, electrical, chemical response of a lithium-ion cell for the short strongly depend on the nature of short itself, the characteristics of the shorted cell, and even the way of integration of the cell in the system.
12:45 Lunch
2:00 BMS-Centered Battery Safety and Reliability
Larry Yount, Chief Technical Officer, Critical Control and Reliable Electronic Systems, LaunchPoint Technologies*
This paper describes enabling technology for increased Li-ion energy storage capacity though intelligent control. Also addressed are both reliability and safety, ensuring that the battery will not experience a failure with the potential for serious injury. Benefits include: (a) Virtual elimination of the safety issue (< 10-9/hour); (b) Systemically enhanced reliability; approaching a BMS MTBF of 1,000,000 hours; (c) Significant increase in useable battery capacity, using physics and electrochemistry-based modeling.*In collaboration with: Ralph White, University of South Carolina
2:30 Thermo-Chemical Process Associated with Electro-Active Materials/Electrolyte and Recent Developments towards Safe Lithium-Ion Battery
Angathevar Veluchamy, PhD, Scientist, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, India
Lithium ion battery upon overcharge/overdischarge following any inadvertent conditions causes release of oxygen from the oxide cathode, destruction of solid electrolyte interface, exothermic conversion of lithium in graphene layers into its oxide, combustion of organic electrolyte leading to thermal runaway, failure or explosion of the battery. This presentation also focuses on the latest developments that conceptualize safe lithium-ion battery for stationary and electric vehicle applications, in addition to portable gadgets, thus providing green energy and better environment for the lives on the earth.
3:00 Advanced Electrolyte Additives to Enhance the Safety of Lithium Ion Batteries
Zonghai Chen, PhD, Chemist, Electrochemical Energy Storage Group, Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Safety issues have been one of the major technological barriers for lithium ion batteries to power HEVs and EVs. This talk will cover our updated progress on searching for advanced electrolyte additives for safer lithium ion batteries. The additives to be discussed include (1) those to form stable SEI film on carbon anodes, and (2) redox shuttles for overcharge protection and automatic capacity balancing.
3:30 Networking Refreshment Break, Exhibit/Poster Viewing
4:00 Deciphering Cell Variations in Battery Manufacturing
Matthieu Dubarry, Cyril Truchot, and Bor Yann Liaw, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
Rechargeable battery market is expected to see significant growth in sectors of portable devices and power electronics, renewable energy storage, powertrain systems for vehicles, and telecom backup power applications. Complex use of battery systems is also expected, where battery system safety and management remain challenging issues. Both battery system reliability and safety depend on more insightful understanding of battery degradation. We have previously reported successful application of incremental capacity analysis and using relaxed cell voltage to determine battery state of charge [1-3]. Recent battery testing results show that capacity degradation in a battery is more interrelated than what we previously thought. In this presentation, we discuss an improvement in the in situ inference of battery degradation mechanism based on loss of active material in the electrode, which subsequently induces other effects that lead to additional capacity degradation.
4:30 EV Cells and Modules - Thermal Safety and Issues
Jeff Rachford, Thermal Hazard Technology, United Kingdom
Calorimetry, specifically the ARC with large volume calorimeters quantify effect of heat on and heat release by large format EV Lithium batteries. Latest developments to be discussed are: (a) Thermal Stability of Large Format Cells; (b) Pressure Development and Gas Release (collection and analysis); (c) Specific Heat Capacity Measurement; (d) Calorimetry for Thermal Management; (e) Accident Crush and Penetration Simulation Heat Effects; (f) Heat Release from Drive Cycle Simulation; (g) Surface Heat Distribution Determination.
5:00 Thermal Techniques for Battery Design and Development
Peter Ralbovsky, Netzsch Instruments
The growth of Li-ion battery development field has created a demand for new and innovative approaches to thermal analysis. New methods, instruments, and software are introduced to help battery researchers manage the increasingly more challenging battery applications. New techniques provide insight into the development process, increasing productivity and making cells and batteries inherently safer and more functional. Some thermal analysis and calorimetric techniques have been well used but we find oftentimes they are misused or underused. There are numerous lessons available from years of work in chemical process development and safety which can be applied to this field. This presentation will cover the strengths and weaknesses of some selected techniques, how they are best used and where the technology is heading.
5:30 Networking Refreshment Break, Exhibit/Poster Viewing/Workshop Set-up
Thursday, November 4, 2010
