2nd Annual PHOTONIC NANOSTRUCTURES 2002 - Advancing Materials to Control Light

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Overview

In its 2^nd year this meeting unveils the latest innovations in micro- and nanostructured photonic materials for high-end applications in fiber optics, lasers, sensors and other emerging areas. In addition to photonic bandgap materials, learn about the latest breakthroughs on different classes of materials and various manufacturing methods, as well as development of photonic devices through various nanofabrication techniques.

PLUS! New session devoted to the exploration of bio/organic photonic materials and their potential to advance ways of light localization, optical devices miniaturization, integration and cost efficiency.

Current advances in research and development along with the roadmapping of commercial photonic nanotechnologies will be discussed with an emphasis on:

• Micro- and nanofabrication techniques
• 1-, 2- and 3-D photonic crystals
• "Active" photonic bandgap nanostructures
• Colloidal/self-assembly approaches
• Holographic lithography
• Nanoimprinting technique
• On-chip diamond architectures
• Optical fibers applications
• Photonic crystals in optical communications
• Photonic band gap in chiral structures
• Biophotonic crystals
• Nanophotonics and nanofluidics for biological applications

Don't miss the opportunity to participate in one of the most comprehensive photonics meetings of the year - REGISTER TODAY!

Agenda

Thursday, October 24, 2002

8:00 Registration, Poster / Exhibit Setup, Coffee and Pastries

8:40 Chairperson's Opening Remarks
David J. Pine, PhD, Professor & Chair of Chemical Engineering, Professor of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara

8:45 Holographic Lithography
Andrew J. Turberfield, PhD, Professor, University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, United Kingdom
Holographic lithography is a uniquely flexible technique for the fabrication of 3D photonic crystals. By designing the laser interference pattern used to define 3D microstructure we can control the photonic crystal lattice and the shape, symmetry and connectivity of the crystal basis. We discuss strategies for maximising the photonic bandgap. We also consider the creation of waveguides and microcavities within a 3D photonic crystal.

9:20 "Active" Photonic Bandgap Structures
Philippe M. Fauchet, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester
One-, two-, and three-dimensional photonic bandgap structures have been the topic of many investigations because their properties can be engineered to achieve useful functionalities. Very recently, PBG structures with tunable optical properties have been proposed and demonstrated. Such "active" PBG structures could find applications in many technological areas, such as optical interconnects and biosensors. In this presentation, we will review the state of the art in this field and discuss results obtained by us and others using semiconductors, with an emphasis on silicon.

9:55 Probing the Optical Properties of Finite Thickness Silicon Layer-By-Layer Photonic Crystals
Michiel J.A. de Dood, PhD, Researcher (Albert Polman's Opto-Electronic Materials Group), FOM-AMOLF,
The Netherlands*
Optical reflectivity and spontaneous emission measurements were used to probe the properties of a finite thickness three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic crystal. The crystal is designed to have a photonic bandgap for 1.5 micrometer radiation. Both reflectivity and emission data are consistent with the photonic bandgap. To understand the experimental results in detail, the exact structure, surface orientation and finite thickness of the crystal is important.
*In collaboration with: B.Gralak, A.Polman, FOM-AMOLF; J.G.Fleming and S.Y.Lin, Sandia National Labs

10:30 Refreshment Break, Exhibit / Poster Viewing

11:05 Photonic Crystal Slab and Sensor Applications
Shanhui Fan, PhD, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University
Photonic crystal slab structures represent an important class of micro-photonic structures. In this presentation, we will talk about the in-plane guiding characteristics of these crystals. We will also discuss the complex resonant features and the possibilities of exploiting these features for sensor applications.

11:40 Nanorobotic Manipulation of Microspheres for On-Chip Diamond Architectures
Cefe López, PhD, Tenure Scientist, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Spain
Opals with a diamond lattice are awakening the interest as this structure can sustain a full band gap. The diamond lattice is a non-compact structure and, as a consequence, colloidal methods have, so far, failed to produce it. The fact that a body centered cubic splits into identical diamond lattices enabled us to build diamond lattices of silica micro-spheres, in different orientations. To this purpose, a nanorobot attached to a scanning electron microscope was used. This method allows a thorough control on fabrication providing for the design of line and point defects for optical circuitry.

12:15 Creating Periodic 3D Structures by Multi-Beam Interference of Visible Laser
Shu Yang, PhD, Member of Technical Staff, Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies*
Photonic materials have attracted great interest in the past because they could reflect light incident from any direction. By taking advantage of stable continuous wave mode laser and high transparency of photoresists at visible wavelength, we have created periodic 3D structures using multi-beam interference of argon-ion laser at 514 nm. The porous structures include hexagonal, square and face center cubic-like ones with different periodicity and porosity. They can be defect free over diameter of 2 mm.
*In collaboration with: M.Megens, J.Aizenberg, G.Chen, R.Rapaport, Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies; P.Wiltzius,
Beckman Institute, UIUC

12:50 Luncheon Sponsored by The Knowledge Foundation

2:10 Chairperson's Remarks
Daniel Mittleman, PhD, Assistant Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University

2:15 Protein Crystals as Materials: An Example of Biological Photonic Crystals
Vicki L. Colvin, PhD, Associate Professor, Executive Director of the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology, Rice University
Protein crystals are large arrays of biomolecules with extensive porous volume. Typically used for biological structure determination, we show that they are useful substrates for optical materials. By cross-linking adjacent subunits, crystals are stabilized well enough to be handled without loss of diffraction. Cross-linked crystals are ideal substrates for deposition of metal or ceramic nanostructures. What results are ordered arrays of nanostructures with many interesting optical, mechanical and chemical properties?

2:50 Nanooptics and Nanofluidics for Biological Applications
Jonas O. Tegenfeldt, PhD, Research Staff Member,
Depts Physics and Molecular Biology, Princeton University*
Nanotechnology opens up new ways to probe biology on the single molecule level with important implications for epigenetics and functional genomics, i.e. how are genes regulated and connected and what are their functions. We will speak about our efforts in this context to develop devices based on nanofluidics and integrated nearfield optics for analysis of DNA from single cells with respect to bound transcription factors and genetic aberrations.
*In collaboration with: H.Cao, R.H.Austin, E.C.Cox, J.C.Sturm, S.M.Tilghman, Princeton

3:25 Photonic Band Gap in Chiral Structures
Victor I. Kopp, PhD, Director of Research and Development, Chiral Photonics, Inc.*
Polarization-sensitive, one-dimensional chiral photonic structures can be manufactured as polymeric films or as optical fibers. New types of photonic defects incorporated into these structures can lead to high-Q laser cavities making possible mirrorless low-threshold, large coherence area thin-film lasers or efficient in-fiber lasers for telecommunications applications. These results are confirmed in computer simulations as well as by optical and microwave measurements.
*In collaboration with: N.Chao, V.M.Churikov, D.Neugroschl, P.Shibaev, J.Singer, Chiral Photonics, Inc.

4:00 Refreshment Break, Exhibit / Poster Viewing

4:30 Recent Development in Nanoimprinting Technique and Its New Applications
L. Jay Guo, PhD, Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Michigan
Recent development of nanoimprinting technique, including imprinting over topographies and printing of 3-D polymer nanostructures, will be presented. Nanoimprinting not only is capable of ultrahigh resolution, but also compatible with polymer material processing. Several new applications in polymer based photonic and optoelectronic devices, including patterning of nanostructures in nonlinear optical polymers, printing of polymer waveguide devices such as micro-ring resonators, and definition of high resolution OLED pixels, will be discussed.

5:05 Printing of Nanothick Organic-Based Optoelectronics and Photovoltaics
Ghassan E. Jabbour, PhD, Professor, Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona
Organic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials are attracting increasing attention due to their promise in the fabrication of low cost electronics, photonics, nano-thick optoelectronics, and data storage media. This stems from the fact that these materials lend themselves, easily, to reel-to-reel printing techniques such as Screen and Gravure printing. This property gives rise to novel device and applications concepts. For example, it is possible to fabricate and integrate monolithically electronic and optoelectronic devices on a plastic, paper, or fabric substrate. We will discuss the use of printing techniques in the fabrication of nanothick organic based optoelectronics.

5:40 End of Day One

Friday, October 25, 2002

8:15 Poster / Exhibit Viewing, Coffee and Pastries

8:55 Chairperson's Remarks
Philippe M. Fauchet, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester

9:35 Device Architectures Based on Colloidal Photonic Crystals
Daniel Mittleman, PhD, Assistant Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University
We describe recent work in the fabrication of photonic crystals using colloidal self-assembly techniques. It is now well established that one can readily grow oriented single crystals of sub-micron spheres of controllable thickness, using convective self-assembly methods. We discuss several architectures which exploit the unique properties of these colloidal thin films in device applications, including sensing and optical filtering.

10:10 Photonic Crystals Containing Defined Defects and Electrochemically Responsive Polymers
Paul V. Braun, PhD, Professor, Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
The functionality of self-assembled photonic crystals will be greatly enhanced if features including wave guides and cavities and active materials such as electrochemically responsive polymers are defined within the interior of the photonic crystal. Here we demonstrate several promising approaches to create such features and the resulting optical properties. Defined defect formation is based on multiphoton polymerization of monomers contained within the interstitial space of colloidal crystals. Electrochemically active polymers were electrodeposited into similar interstitial spaces. In both cases, the colloidal crystal matrix supports the polymer features, thus shrinkage or cracking is minimized observed.

10:45 Refreshment Break, Exhibit / Poster Viewing

11:30 Self-Assembly Approaches to Photonic Devices
Younan Xia, PhD, Associate Professor, Chemistry, University of Washington
We have been actively exploring the use of monodispersed spherical colloids (including core-shell structures) as the building blocks to fabricate photonic devices through self-assembly. In one demonstration, spherical colloids have been organized into three-dimensionally ordered lattices that exhibit interesting photonic bandgap properties. We could also control the orientations of these photonic crystals by templating against relief structures etched in the surfaces of Si(100) substrates. The optical properties of these colloids could be further tuned by forming nonspehrical shapes and core-shell structures. The introduction of these new types of building blocks has allowed us to fabricate arrayed microlenses, nanometer-sized waveguiding structures, and optical switches. In this presentation, we are going to briefly discuss the procedure, capability, advantages, disadvantages, and future directions for each approach.

12:05 Selected Oral Poster Presentations

12:30 Lunch On Your Own

1:40 Chairperson's Remarks
Cefe López, PhD, Tenure Scientist, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Spain

1:45 Cylindrical Photonic Band Gap Fibers for Reflection and Transmission Applications
Yoel Fink, PhD, Professor of Materials Science, MIT*
We have designed and fabricated two different omnidirectional dielectric mirror fiber structures: The first are fibers that have a multilayer dielectric mirror cladding, and the second have an interior dielectric mirror structure surrounding a hollow core. Spectral reflection for the first structure and optical transmission data for the second structure will be presented. Guidance of high power laser energy, fiber transmission losses, and dynamical tuning of the photonic band gap positions will be discussed.
*In collaboration with: B.Temelkuran, S.Hart, G.Benoit, MIT

2:20 Photonic Crystal Fibres
Hendrik Sabert, PhD, Vice President Research & Development, BlazePhotonics Ltd., United Kingdom
A Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) is a strand of glass with an array of microscopic air channels running along its length. Light is guided at structural defects - points where the periodicity is interrupted. PCFs provide greatly enhanced control of dispersion, birefringence and modal shape. Perhaps the most revolutionary example of this is the hollow-core fibre in which light is guided in a hollow tube by a photonic bandgap. Applications include telecommunications, frequency metrology, medical diagnostics, industrial manufacturing, and high power lasers.

2:55 Refreshment Break, Exhibit / Poster Viewing

3:30 Photonic Crystal Fibers - A Variety of Applications
Jesper Lægsgaard, PhD, Assistant Research Professor, Research Center COM, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark*
The science and technology of silica-based photonic crystal fibers is reviewed, with a view towards present and potential applications. Both index-guiding fibers and photonic band gap fibers with guided modes in either silica or air are discussed. For the index-guiding fibers, research results on propagation/bending losses and nonlinear effects are presented for some commercially available fiber types. In the case of photonic band gap fibers, our present theoretical and experimental knowledge is outlined, and their advantages/disadvantages compared to the index-guiding fibers are discussed.
*In collaboration with: J.Broeng, Crystal Fibre A/S, Denmark

4:05 The Road Towards Commercial Applications of Photonic Crystals in Optical Communications
Mihail M. Sigalas, PhD, R&D Engineer, Communications and Optics Research Laboratory, Agilent Technologies
A brief introduction of the current trends in optical communications will be given. These trends show an increase in device integration along with a decrease in device size and power dissipation. Photonic crystals (PC) can be the platform for future miniaturization of optical devices because they can control the light in sizes of the order of the wavelength. The necessary steps towards commercial applications of PC will be discussed starting from the most basic ones, the evaluation of propagation losses in PC waveguides, bend and splitters. Results for both 2-D slab PC and 3-D PC will be presented and the advantages of each case will be discussed.

4:40 Discussion. Closing Remarks and End of Conference

Call for Posters

Industry and academic scientists are encouraged to submit poster titles for this event. One-page abstracts (8 1/2” x 11” with 1-inch margins) must be submitted no later than September 27, 2002 for inclusion in conference documentation. Additional poster submissions will be accepted until October 15, 2002 but may not be included in conference documentation.
Note: If you are submitting a poster, you MUST register to attend the meeting and pay in advance to ensure that a poster board/space is reserved for you.

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